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Inevitable in almost all electrical switchboards – Residual current device (RCD)
Technology that RCD uses is so simple and so magical. The residual current device continually measures the difference between the value of the outgoing and incoming currents in the circuit... Read...
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Design and control considerations for an example of the waste water pumping...
Waste water pumping stations are very common application examples of three phase induction motor. There are numerous varieties of power supply and control logic, depending on exact conditions in...
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Primary substations and bus layouts in the distribution system of an...
The primary distribution system of an industrial plant is generally the higher voltage portion of the system, starting with the purchased-power service and including generators, switching equipment,...
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Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: Interlocking between MV cubicles
There are numerous variations of MV switchgear topology, measurement, and control logic. However, there are also some basic rules related to these aspects which may be frequently seen in practice,......
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Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: Using circuit breaker for MV power...
Within this article, custom made cubicle intended for supply and protection of MV reactive power compensation block, will be analyzed. Technical characteristics of major electrical components,...
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My worst experience in the maintenance and supervision of medium voltage...
While there are various voltage levels applicable across the globe depending upon the usability, the category of Medium Voltage remains one of the most critical voltage group comprising primary...
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A real-life case study of relay coordination (step by step tutorial with...
I would say that coordination is a TEAMWORK. In the protection context, it implies how the various protection devices in an electrical distribution network, work as a team, to achieve... Read more The...
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Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection...
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How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space
Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions...
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Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the...
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today,...
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Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC...
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations...
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My practical experience in the electrical protection system of industrial...
A functional protection system installed, commissioned, and maintained on critical equipment like an industrial generator is of high importance. As such, every protection system must have the ability...
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Substation and switchyard support structures for electrical equipment (you...
Substation and switchyard structures are used to support the above-grade components and electrical equipment such as cable bus, rigid bus, and strain bus conductors, switches, surge arresters,...
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Mastering Motor Control Center (MCC): Wiring diagrams and equipment from zero...
Motor control center (MCC) was introduced back in 1937 to place different motor starters in one cabinet to save space. It is a modular cabinet that supplies and controls motors,... Read more The post...
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Mastering switchgear control circuits – AC/DC circuits and circuit breaker...
Control circuits are vital to the operation of medium voltage switchgear. The integrity of these control circuits is essential to the switchgear’s proper operation, so commissioning and maintenance...
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Four ways of ensuring proper selectivity in MV/HV electrical network protection
Selectivity study of a power system is usually considered as an advanced job for advanced engineers, mostly relay protection engineers. This article will try to get close to a few important...
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Mastering GIS control circuits: AC/DC auxiliary circuits and circuit breaker...
A gas-insulated substation (GIS) is usually utilized in high voltage applications in which all conductive parts are encapsulated in sealed cylinders with SF6 as the insulating medium. The...
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Fundamental electrical schemes of connections for supply at generator voltage...
This technical article will shed some light on fundamental schemes and arrangements of connections for supply at generator voltage, higher than generated voltage, and a few basic transmission schemes....
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Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection...
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Mastering Motor Control Center (MCC): Wiring diagrams and equipment from zero...
Motor control center (MCC) was introduced back in 1937 to place different motor starters in one cabinet to save space. It is a modular cabinet that supplies and controls motors,... Read more The post...
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