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The Basics Of Molded Case Circuit Breakers You MUST Know
Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB) // Molded case circuit breakers are interrupting devices with self-contained, current-responsive elements. These breakers are assembled as an integral unit in a...
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Practical Considerations of LV/MV Private Substations
Private substations Private substations can often be considered as terminal type substations, i.e. substations where the MV line ends at the point of installation of the substation itself. They belong...
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The basics of selectivity (discrimination) between circuit breakers
What is the selectivity? On economical grounds and for the reason of reliability of the service, it is not always ideal to interrupt the supply to the installation in the case of a fault as fast as...
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6 Adjustable Tripping Settings of a Circuit Breaker You MUST Understand
Basic tripping settings of CB There are (at least) six basic adjustable tripping settings (functions) you must understand in order. Read more
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Gas insulated substation (GIS) versus Air insulated substation (AIS)
Gas insulated substation (GIS) design The metal-enclosed gas insulated switchgear inherently follows the criteria for new substation design and offers. Read more
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5 good examples of locking out HV/MV/LV structures and equipment
Locking and safety reasons In all cases the choice of locks and safety positions requires prior analysis of the locking. Read more
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Circuit breaker selections for low voltage installation (with discrimination)
LV installation The LV installation which forms the subject of this study is shown in figure 1 above. This study includes discrimination and coordination of protection between the LV equipment and the...
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Auto-reclose schemes for re-energising the line after a fault trip
Faults on overhead lines fall into one of three categories: transient, semi-permanent and permanent. 80-90% of faults on any overhead line network are transient in nature. The remaining 10%-20% of...
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3 earthing fault typologies and connection of the CB poles in a DC network
In order to break a short-circuit current in a d.c. system, it is necessary to connect the circuit breaker (CB) poles in a suitable way. To carry out this operation, it’s necessary... Read more
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Automation of secondary distribution networks in rural areas
The challenges in network automation for rural areas are similar to those in urban areas, however the network topology may be very different. A typical conventional network topology is shown in...
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20 Simple Questions to Check Your Overcurrent Protection Knowledge
As you already know, reliable overcurrent protective devices, such as fuses and circuit breakers, prevent or minimize costly damage to transformers, conductors, motors, equipment, and the other many...
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Main circuit breaker types from 1000 V MCB to 1000 kV dead tank breaker
This technical article discusses two important circuit breaker classifications – by voltage level (from low to medium and high voltage) and secondly by technology (extinguishing method or medium that...
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7 design diagrams that HV substation engineer MUST understand
A substation engineer should have a good understanding of the electrical equipment and layout of HV power substation. It’s also important to understand relationship between protection and the other...
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Analyzing Power System And Equipment Performance Through Oscillographic Records
Most technically oriented people recognize the familiar 60Hz voltage and current traces that constitute the parameters of an operating power system. There are, however, transient components...
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10 Common Questions You Can Expect In Electrical Engineering Examination Test
This examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of electrical engineering from low voltage to high voltage. Of course, you can use huge EEP’s resources for help in calculations and... Read more
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What is what in outdoor HV substation? How to identify elements by shape and...
It’s not always an easy task to explain what is what in high voltage substations. Shapes of the major elements are mostly similar through substations, but there are also combinations... Read more
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Circuit configurations (single line diagrams) for HV and MV switchgear...
The starting point for planning a switchgear installation is its single line diagram. This indicates the extent of the installation, such as the number of busbars and branches, and also... Read more
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Substation splitting and CB autoclosing for limitation of short-circuit currents
In this article, we describe method and technique of substation splitting and use of circuit breaker autoclosing that may be used for the control and limitation of the magnitude of... Read more
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AC Auxiliary Systems In Power Substations (Design Requirements and Equipment)
Substation AC auxiliary systems are typically used to supply loads such as transformer cooling, oil pumps, and load tap changers, circuit breaker air compressors and charging motors, outdoor device...
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Meet the Real Heart of Power System Operations – The Transmission Control Center
Transmission control center is the real heart of every utility’s power system operations. Typical transmission control centers have three main desks – the generation, transmission and scheduling desk....
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